Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Direct induction of ramified microglia-like cells from human monocytes: Dynamic microglial dysfunction in Nasu-Hakola disease

Figure 1

Inducing ramified microglia from human peripheral monocytes.

The monocytes on the day of isolation (A) were incubated with the following candidate cytokines; GM-CSF (10 ng/ml; B), M-CSF (10 ng/ml; C), IL-34 (100 ng/ml; D), M-CSF + IL-34 (E) and GM-CSF + IL-34 (F) for 14 days. The optimal cytokine conditions were tested by morphological changes using phase-contrast microscopy. The cocktail of both GM-CSF and IL-34 induced small soma body bearing numerous branched collaterals, which expressed the specific morphology of ramified microglia (F). Scale bar, 50 μm.

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