Figure 3

Host response and gene expression during interaction with N. crassa.

(a) Callose deposition around the infection site on stem, stained with aniline fluorochrome. (b) Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the infection site on stem, stained with diaminobenzidine (DAB). Bars = 20 μm. (c) Expression profiles of defense-related genes in the roots of Scots pine after N. crassa inoculation: ACRE, Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited defense-related gene; PER65, peroxidase 65; PSYP1, class III peroxidase; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; DEF1, defensin; and CAT, catalase. (d) Expression profiles of N. crassa genes during its interaction with Scots pine's roots. nip, Necrosis-inducing protein; cat, catalase-1; per, dyp-type peroxidase; oxi-1 and oxi-2, two oxidoreductases. The level of expression was measured at one (T1) and two (T2) weeks after inoculation. Fold changes are relative to uninfected Scots pine seedlings (c) and N. crassa grown on Vogel's medium (d). The bars indicate standard deviation among 3 biological replicates.