Table 1 Geometrical characteristics of test surfaces and absolute pull-off force values obtained on different test surfaces. n, number of measurements; Ra, mean roughness; r.m.s., root mean square of roughness; Foff, pull-off force; Rz, maximum height of the profile. Data are presented as mean ± s.d

From: Adhesion force measurements on the two wax layers of the waxy zone in Nepenthes alata pitchers

Surface

Ra [μm]

r.m.s. [μm]

Rz [μm]

Foff [mN]

Smooth replica

0.007 ± 0.001

0.009 ± 0.001

0.069 ± 0.035

3.372 ± 0.587

 

n = 6

n = 6

n = 6

n = 40

Micro-rough replica

1.329 ± 0.138

1.685 ± 0.172

11.550 ± 0.630

2.609 ± 0.891

 

n = 6

n = 6

n = 63

n = 40

Upper wax layer

1.909 ± 0.247

2.378 ± 0.301

27.112 ± 1.728

0.847 ± 0.493

 

n = 6

n = 6

n = 6

n = 18

Lower wax layer

1.831 ± 0.715

2.229 ± 0.810

13.013 ± 4.120

4.364 ± 1.563

 

n = 6

n = 6

n = 6

n = 22

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