Table 1 Characteristics of eligible studies included in this meta-analysis of parity and pancreatic cancer risk
From: Parity and pancreatic cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis of twenty epidemiologic studies
Author (Publication year) | Design and Study name | Country | Study period (follow-up years) | Age | N(case) | No. of participants/controls | Parity | OR (95%CI) | Factors investigated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mesquita34 (1992) | PCC | Netherlands | 1984–1988 | 35–79 | 176 | 487 | 1 | Reference | Age, response status and life-time smoking of cigarettes |
2 | 0.62 (0.23–1.69) | ||||||||
3 | 0.62 (0.22–1.74) | ||||||||
4+ | 0.51 (0.21–1.25) | ||||||||
Cantor35 (1993) | PCC | USA | 1984–1987 | 40–85 | 169 | 821 | 1 | Reference | Age, having a first degree relative with the same cancer and age at first birth |
2 | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | ||||||||
3 | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | ||||||||
4 | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | ||||||||
5+ | 0.5 (0.3–1.2) | ||||||||
Kalapothaki36 (1993) | HCC | Athens | 1991–1992 | - | 66 | 66 | Nulliparous | Reference | Age, hospital, past residence, years of schooling, cigarette smoking, diabetes melitus, as well as mutually (age at menarche, menopausal status and age at menopause) |
Parous | 0.39 (0.11–1.40) | ||||||||
Ji37 (1996) | PCC | China | 1990–1993 | 30–74 | 451 | 1552 | 0–2 | Reference | Age, income, education, smoking, green tea drinking, respondent status and BMI |
3–4 | 1.33 (0.8–2.23) | ||||||||
≥5 | 1.88 (1.09–3.24) | ||||||||
Karlson38 (1998) | Nested CC | Swedish | - | Mean age, Case 52.7 | 1015 | 5073 | 1 | Reference | Age |
2 | 0.91 (0.75–1.1) | ||||||||
3 | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) | ||||||||
4 | 1.20 (0.91–1.59) | ||||||||
5+ | 1.16 (0.80–1.70) | ||||||||
Kreiger39 (2001) | PCC | Canada | 1995–1996 | 20–75 | 52 | 233 | 0 | Reference | Age, smoking status, BMI, tofu and dietary fat, age at menopause, oral contraceptive use, estrogen replacement therapy and age at menarche |
1–2 | 0.69 (0.24–2.00) | ||||||||
3+ | 0.22 (0.07–0.65) | ||||||||
Skinner30 (2003) | Cohort Nurses' Health Study | USA | 1976–1998 (22) | 30–55 | 243 | 115474 | 0 | Reference | Age, time period, cigarette smoking, diabetes, BMI and height |
1–2 | 0.86 (0.55–1.36) | ||||||||
3–4 | 0.75 (0.48–1.17) | ||||||||
5+ | 0.58 (0.34–0.98) | ||||||||
Duell40 (2004) | PCC | USA | 1995–1999 | 21–85 | 241 | 818 | 0 | Reference | Age, education and smoking |
1 | 1.3 (0.75–2.2) | ||||||||
2 | 1.0 (0.63–1.6) | ||||||||
3 | 1.3 (0.81–2.1) | ||||||||
4+ | 1.0 (0.63–1.7) | ||||||||
Teras18 (2005) | Cohort Cancer Prevention Study (CPS)-II | USA | 1982–2000 (18) | 60.5 ± 9.0 | 1959 | 387981 | 0 | Reference | Age, race, smoking history, education, personal history of diabetes, BMI, height, exercise and family history of pancreatic cancer |
1 | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | ||||||||
2 | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) | ||||||||
3 | 1.10 (0.95–1.28) | ||||||||
4 | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) | ||||||||
5 | 0.78 (0.61–0.99) | ||||||||
6 | 0.88 (0.65–1.19) | ||||||||
7+ | 0.76 (0.57–1.03) | ||||||||
Silvera20 (2005) | Cohort National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) | Canada | 1980–2000 (16.4) | 40–59 | 187 | 89835 | 0 | Reference | Age, cigarette smoking intensity, cigarette smoking duration, BMI, height, study left and randomization group (intervention vs control) |
1–2 | 0.67 (0.43–1.06) | ||||||||
3–4 | 0.81 (0.53–1.24) | ||||||||
5+ | 1.05 (0.64–1.74) | ||||||||
Lin31 (2006) | Cohort The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (the JACC study) | Japan | 1988–1999 (10) | 40–79 | 154 | 63273 | 0–1 | Reference | Age, pack-years of smoking, history of diabetes, history of gallstone/cholecystitis and parity or age at first birth |
2–3 | 0.74 (0.38–1.43) | ||||||||
4–5 | 0.84 (0.40–1.75) | ||||||||
≥6 | 0.80 (0.31–2.11) | ||||||||
Lo14 (2007) | HCC | Egypt | 2001–2004 | 15–90 | 194 | 194 | 0–3 | Reference | Age, residence and active smoking |
4–6 | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | ||||||||
7+ | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | ||||||||
Prizment32 (2007) | Cohort Iowa Women's Health Study | USA | 1986–2003 (18) | 55–69 | 228 | 37459 | 0 | Reference | Age |
1–2 | 1.14 (0.69–1.88) | ||||||||
3–4 | 1.10 (0.67–1.81) | ||||||||
>4 | 1.09 (0.63–1.87) | ||||||||
Heuch26 (2008) | Cohort | Norway | 1956–1998 (38) | 32–74 | 449 | 63090 | 0 | 0.68 (0.45–1.04) | Age, birth cohort and breastfeeding |
1 | Reference | ||||||||
2 | 0.97 (0.69–1.35) | ||||||||
3 | 1.47 (1.03–2.09) | ||||||||
4 | 1.49 (0.98–2.26) | ||||||||
≥5 | 1.63 (1.01–2.64) | ||||||||
Steven16 (2009) | Cohort Million Women Study | UK | 7.1 | - | 1182 | 995192 | 0 | Reference | Age, region, socioeconomic status, smoking, body mass index and diabetes |
1 | 0.88 (0.72–1.04) | ||||||||
2 | 0.78 (0.70–0.85) | ||||||||
3 | 0.81 (0.71–0.91) | ||||||||
4+ | 0.84 (0.72–0.96) | ||||||||
Zhang15 (2010) | HCC | USA | 1976–2006 | 23–78 | 284 | 1096 | 0 | Reference | Age, study left, year of interview and race |
1–2 | 1.5 (1.0–3.2) | ||||||||
3–4 | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | ||||||||
4+ | 1.5 (0.8–2.6) | ||||||||
Chang19 (2010) | Cohort | China | 1978–2007 (29) | Age at first birth | 243 | 1292462 | 1 | Reference | Age at first childbirth, Marital status (married or unmarried), years of schooling (≤9 or ≥9 years) and birth place |
2 | 0.69 (0.49–0.98) | ||||||||
3+ | 0.64 (0.44–0.93) | ||||||||
Lucenteforte26 (2011) | HCC | Italy | 1983–1992 and 1991–2008 | Median age Case (61) Control (58) | 285 | 713 | 0 | Reference | Study/left, age, education, area of residence, year of interview, history of diabetes and tobacco smoking |
1 | 0.72 (0.4–1.16) | ||||||||
2 | 0.86 (0.55–1.33) | ||||||||
3 | 0.88 (0.53–1.46) | ||||||||
4+ | 0.46 (0.26–0.85) | ||||||||
Duell17 (2012) | Cohort European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort | Europen | 1992–2006 (14) | 35–70 | 304 | 328610 | 0 | Reference | Age, left, smoking, education, alcohol consumption at baseline, red meat intake, BMI and diabetes history |
1 | 1.01 (0.64–1.59) | ||||||||
2 | 1.03 (0.69–1.53) | ||||||||
3 | 0.92 (0.59–1.43) | ||||||||
4+ | 1.15 (0.71–1.85) | ||||||||
Lee33 (2013) | Cohort California Teachers Study | USA | 1995–2009 (14) | Mean age 51.9 | 323 | 118164 | 1 | Reference | Race/ethnicity, BMI, menopausal status HT use, age at menarche, smoking status and history of diabetes |
2 | 0.98 (0.69–1.41) | ||||||||
3 | 0.88 (0.60–1.30) | ||||||||
4+ | 0.83 (0.55–1.29) |
