Figure 2

Variance of the winding angle against the lattice size L_y.

The analysis has been done for L_y ranging from 16 to 16384. The statistics are computed over 10⁴ samples. The error bars are smaller than the symbol size. By fitting the results with Eq. (2), one gets κ_winding = 1.046 ± 0.004. In the inset, the probability distribution of the winding angle along the curve is compared to the predicted Gaussian distribution, drawn in green, of variance with κ = 1.046 and L_y = 16384.