Figure 1

Chemical structures of quinones investigated in this study.
(A) Simple quinones: 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ), 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) and 9,10-phenanthraquinone (PQ); (B) Anthraquinone derivatives from rhubarb: chrysophanol (CP), emodin (EM), aloe-emodin (AE) and rhein (RH).