Figure 4
Alveolar bone regeneration by transplantation of a bio-hybrid implant.
(a) Schematic representation of the development of a murine 3-wall bone defect model and transplantation of the implant. (Drawings by C.T.) (b) Photographic representation of a murine 3-wall bone defect model and transplantation of the implant. Scale bar, 500 μm. (c) Micro-CT images of vertical alveolar bone regeneration processes in the bone defect without an implant (top), with transplantation of an osseo-integrated implant (middle) and with the transplantation of a bio-hybrid implant (bottom). Vertical bone formation was observed with the bio-hybrid implant and the bone had recovered almost completely 50 days after transplantation. The superior edges of the recipient alveolar bone are indicated by a dotted line. Scale bar, 500 μm. (d) Three-dimensional superposition of micro-CT images for the non-treated control (top), the osseo-integrated implant (middle) and the bio-hybrid implant (bottom) in the 3-wall bone defect at 0 (red) and 50 days (green) after transplantation. Scale bar, 500 μm. (e) Regenerated bone area in the buccal region for the non-treated control (bone defect; BD), osseo-integrated implant (OS) and bio-hybrid implant (Bio) after 50 days in the 3-wall bone defect model. The data are presented as the mean ± s.d. with n = 5 for each experimental group. *p < 0.01 (Bonferroni test). (f) Three-dimensional frontal micro-CT images of the subsidence of the osseo-integrated implant into normal tooth loss region (upper), osseo-integrated implant into the bone defect model (middle) and bio-hybrid implant into the bone defect model (lower). The height to the top of the second molar cusp is indicated by the dotted line and the top of the implant is marked by a dashed line. Scale bar, 500 μm. (g) Vertical subsidence of the osseo-integrated implants in the normal tooth loss region (OS) and in the 3-wall bone defect model (OS in BD) as well as the bio-hybrid implants in the 3-wall bone defect model (Bio in BD) 50 days after transplantation. The data are presented as the median ± s.d. with n = 5 for each experimental group. *p < 0.01 (Mann-Whitney U-test).
