Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Microneedle-mediated immunization of an adenovirus-based malaria vaccine enhances antigen-specific antibody immunity and reduces anti-vector responses compared to the intradermal route

Figure 2

Microneedle-mediated immunization alters the ratio of the antigen-to-vector antibody response.

Total IgG titers to a non-recombinant HAdV5 vector (HAdV5-mCherry) in the serum of mice used in Figure 1 were measured 8 weeks after the primary immunization. (A) Individual responses at 8 weeks post-prime. (B) The ratio of antigen-specific total IgG responses to the anti-vector IgG antibody response at 8 weeks post-prime. Lines represent the median. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the ID group by one way ANOVA with Dunn's multiple comparison test. (C) The ratio of total IgG responses to the antigen and to the vector were measured at 21, 35 or 54 days after the primary immunization by the ID route or using microneedle patch type D. The mean and SEM (n = 7 to 15 mice) are shown. * p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 by Mann Whitney test.

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