Figure 3
From: Criticality of forcing directions on the fragmentation and resilience of grid networks
Evolution of a lattice network.
(a) For uniform force directions and Fapp = 0.03, breaking starts near the top and left sides at t = 6,384.0. Failure cascades and last to be disconnected are edges near the bottom right corner where the least amount of force is felt. The network totally collapses at t = 6,602.4. No connections remain and the network elongates and moves diagonally following the net force. (b) For random force directions and Fapp = 0.03, breaking starts at t = 11.0 at random positions. The network reaches its equilibrium structure at t = 238.6 with only 0.496 ± 0.007 of the edges disconnected.
