Figure 4
From: Criticality of forcing directions on the fragmentation and resilience of grid networks
Fraction of disconnected edges f in grid networks.
(a) Lattice networks with uniform force directions totally collapse while for those with (b) random force directions, 0.503 ± 0.006 of the edges disconnects. (c–d) Regardless of the magnitude and directions of {Fapp}, an ER network experiences total system collapse. (e–f) BA networks completely fragment regardless of the magnitude and directions of {Fapp}. The insets show the derivative of f or the disconnection rate of the edges. The rate of disconnection f′ at the transition point decreases with Fapp in all networks. For lattice networks, randomizing force directions further decreased the rate of disconnections.
