Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Anthocyanin-rich fractions from red raspberries attenuate inflammation in both RAW264.7 macrophages and a mouse model of colitis

Figure 3

RR-ARFs inhibit LPS/IFN-γ-mediated iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6 expressions in RAW264.7 cells.

Cells were incubated with different extracts of RR and LPS/IFN-γ for 16 h respectively at concentrations indicated. The expressions of mRNA for iNOS (a), COX-2 (b), IL-1β (c) and IL-6 (d) were analyzed by real-time PCR normalized to RPL14 mRNA. iNOS (130 kDa) and COX-2 (73 kDa) protein levels (e) were examined using Western blot. β-actin was used as an internal loading control. The full-length blots with anti-iNOS, anti-COX-2 and anti-β-actin antibodies were presented in supplementary Figure S1. All gels have been run simultaneously under the same experimental conditions. Cell culture experiments were performed at least three times. The relative fold changes of iNOS and COX-2 protein were compared with LPS/IFN-γ control (f). Values are expressed as the means ± SD of at least three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 compared to LPS/IFN-γ control.

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