Figure 8
From: Physical Justification for Negative Remanent Magnetization in Homogeneous Nanoparticles

Interpretation of the origin and conditions of NRM.
(a) Illustration of an extreme case of wasp-waist behavior that exhibits NRM. (b) Schematic illustration of the proposed wasp-waist system. Msoft, Mhard and Mnet are respectively denoted by green, blue and red arrows. (c) Schematic illustration of a special case of spin orientation: both surface and core spins align along the field direction. Magnetization of surface and core spins is denoted by blue and green arrows, respectively. Total magnetization is denoted by red arrow. (d) Schematic illustration of a special case of spin orientation: the core (surface) spins align antiparallel (parallel) with respect to the easy axis and the total magnetization is negative. Magnetization of surface and core spins is denoted by blue and green arrows, respectively. Total magnetization is denoted by red arrow.