Figure 5
From: Introduction of impermeable actin-staining molecules to mammalian cells by optoporation

Dynamics of dye diffusion.
Increase in normalized fluorescence intensity following optoporation in the case of (a) HEK cells (84 nM) and (b) rat cortical neuron (120 nM). (c) Normalized fluorescence intensity vs RP concentration (molarity) in the case of HEK cells. Cells exhibit negative reactions at or above 168 nM concentration and are observed to die near 200 nM concentrations. (d) Theoretical (red) and experimental (blue) variation of diffusion time constant as a function of molarity.