Figure 3

Single Adaptive Action Benefits.
The vulnerability index (“VI”) is a function of probability and magnitude of simulated cases, centered on Medium Vulnerability (Medium Vulnerability = 1) and weighed at the extreme ends of the scales (see methods). The no-adaptation vulnerability index baseline is displayed in red, with single adaptation action VI values displayed in blue. These results are based on a sample of 5 randomly selected smallholder farms. See references 30,36–38 and methods section for data sources and the Supplementary Information for a description of cropping systems.