Table 2 Enzymatic activities (mmol h−1 g−1 dry weight basis) of raw manure over time (C-0, C-3, C-6) and vermicomposts after 1 (T-1), 3 (T-3), 5 (T-5) and 6 days (T-6) during swine manure vermicomposting. Four hydrolytic enzymes involved in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling were investigated in this study, including β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and acid phosphatase (AP)

From: Attenuation of veterinary antibiotics in full-scale vermicomposting of swine manure via the housefly larvae (Musca domestica)

 

  βG

  CBH

  NAG

  AP

Treatment

Value

Ratio*

Value

Ratio

Value

Ratio

Value

Ratio

C-0

294 ± 23bc

---

633 ± 57b

---

534 ± 93b

---

34.8 ± 0.7c

---

C-3

312 ± 48bc

0.06

607 ± 35b

± 0.04

558 ± 55b

0.04

40.4 ± 3.5c

0.16

C-6

388 ± 26b

0.32

628 ± 41b

−0.01

512 ± 32b

−0.04

38.6 ± 9.6c

0.11

T-1

251 ± 11c

−0.15

758 ± 61a

0.20

722 ± 49a

0.35

65.5 ± 6.5a

0.86

T-3

377 ± 35b

0.28

749 ± 6a

0.18

653 ± 24ab

0.22

51.2 ± 1.3b

0.47

T-5

525 ± 40a

0.79

641 ± 26ab

0.01

545 ± 13b

0.02

47.9 ± 2.5b

0.38

T-6

369 ± 1b

0.19

535 ± 29c

−0.15

207 ± 28c

−0.61

25.9 ± 0.1d

−0.26

  1. *The response ratio (Ratio) was calculated as: the difference of [mean of enzymatic activity in manure/vermicompost on the i-th day (d) minus mean of enzymatic activity in fresh manure on day 0 (i.e., C-0)] divided by the mean of enzymatic activity in fresh manure on day 0 (i.e., C-0).