Table 2 Comparisons between dMDD and HC for amino acids and related molecule profiles in cerebrospinal fluid

From: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid ethanolamine concentration in major depressive disorder

Name

dMDD (N = 42)

HC (N = 54)

Statistics for ANCOVA

μM ± SD

NMISS 1

μM ± SD

NMISS

F

df

P

95% CI

Phosphoethanolamine

4.7 ± 1.2

0

5.1 ± 1.1

0

2.12

1

0.15

−0.75 to 0.11

Threonine

33.1 ± 9.3

0

29.8 ± 5.3

0

4.30

1

0.041

0.13 to 6.030

Serine

29.3 ± 7.5

0

27.9 ± 6.1

0

0.75

1

0.39

−1.51 to 3.86

Asparagine

7.2 ± 1.4

0

6.6 ± 1.3

0

3.85

1

0.053

−0.0065 to 1.11

Glutamine

711.3 ± 142.5

0

644.3 ± 108.8

0

6.70

1

0.011

15.16 to 115.15

Glycine

6.4 ± 2.0

0

6.0 ± 1.8

0

0.95

1

0.33

−0.38 to 1.12

Alanine

37.5 ± 10.3

0

33.7 ± 9.0

0

3.34

1

0.071

−0.31 to 7.47

α-Amino-n-butyric acid

2.7 ± 1.0

0

2.6 ± 0.9

0

0.30

1

0.59

−0.29 to 0.51

Valine

16.6 ± 4.8

0

15.2 ± 4.6

0

2.41

1

0.12

−0.39 to 3.23

Methionine

3.3 ± 0.9

0

3.5 ± 0.8

0

1.68

1

0.20

−0.56 to 0.12

Isoleucine

5.2 ± 1.5

0

4.8 ± 1.4

0

2.88

1

0.093

−0.080 to 1.017

Leucine

12.5 ± 3.4

0

11.5 ± 2.9

0

3.42

1

0.068

−0.082 to 2.27

Tyrosine

9.0 ± 1.8

0

9.4 ± 2.3

0

1.50

1

0.22

−1.34 to 0.32

Phenylalanine

10.1 ± 2.1

0

10.0 ± 2.3

0

0.038

1

0.85

−0.79 to 0.96

Ethanolamine

12.3 ± 2.3

0

14.8 ± 2.2

0

27.36

1

0.0000011 2

−3.29 to −1.48

Lysine

24.3 ± 7.1

0

22.2 ± 3.9

0

3.11

1

0.081

−0.25 to 4.17

Histidine + 1-Methylhistidine

8.4 ± 2.7

0

8.0 ± 1.4

0

0.69

1

0.41

−0.50 to 1.21

Arginine

21.8 ± 5.1

0

22.6 ± 4.7

0

0.58

1

0.45

−2.79 to 1.25

Aspartate

0.7 ± 0.3

17

0.7 ± 0.2

21

1.091

1

0.30

−0.062 to 0.20

Glutamate

9.1 ± 5.4

2

8.3 ± 5.2

1

0.57

1

0.45

−1.39 to 3.088

Cystine

2.9 ± 0.7

6

2.8 ± 0.8

8

0.20

1

0.66

−0.25 to 0.40

Tryptophan

1.8 ± 0.7

19

2.0 ± 0.4

18

2.64

1

0.11

−0.55 to 0.058

Ornithine

2.9 ± 1.4

6

3.2 ± 1.5

7

1.52

1

0.22

−1.034 to 0.24

Carnosine

2.4 ± 1.5

7

3.3 ± 2.1

10

5.30

1

0.024

−1.58 to −0.11

γ-Aminobutyric acid

0.3 ± 0.1

24

0.3 ± 0.1

30

1.061

1

0.31

−0.023 to 0.072

  1. 1Missing values are replaced with blanks in the ANCOVA analysis.
  2. 2Adjusted significance was set at P < 0.002 and significant P-values after Bonferroni correction are in bold type.
  3. Abbreviations: dMDD, depressed (non-remitted) patients with major depressive disorder; HC, healthy controls; SD, standard deviation; NMISS, number of missing values; ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval for the difference between two means.
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