Figure 3
From: Tunable pattern-free graphene nanoplasmonic waveguides on trenched silicon substrate

Mode properties of the proposed GPWG as the spacer thickness d2 varies.
(a) Real(neff) and the propagation loss, the effective mode width (inset) and the index contrast of the equivalent slab waveguide with the assistance of EIM (inset) as a function of d2 when w = 100 nm, d1/d2 = 3, EF1 = 0.3 eV and EF2 = 0.52 eV. (b) The equivalent three-layer slab waveguide from EIM (see Methods for details). (c) The real part and imaginary parts of the indices for the core (solid lines) and the cladding (dashed lines) of the three-layer equivalent slab waveguide.