Figure 5
From: Tunable pattern-free graphene nanoplasmonic waveguides on trenched silicon substrate

Frequency dependence of (a) the propagation loss, (b) Real(neff) and the group velocity (inset) for the proposed GPWG with different Fermi levels in graphene.
The structure parameters of the waveguide here is w = 100 nm, d1 = 60 nm, d2 = 40 nm. Different bias voltages are applied to achieve different Fermi levels.