Figure 6
From: How deeply does your mutant sleep? Probing arousal to better understand sleep defects in Drosophila
Sleep and arousal measures can be dissociated with DART.
(a). Opposing effects of fumin and dumb2 on dopamine (DA) function and sleep. Released DA impacts DA1 receptors to initiate cAMP signaling pathways (left black arrow) before being recycled back into the cell (red arrow). fumin is mutant for the DA transporter, leading to increased DA levels in the synapse and consequently increases cAMP signaling in post-synaptic neurons (right thick black arrow). dumb2 is mutant for the DA1 receptor, leading to decreased cAMP signaling (dashed black arrow). (b). Classical beam-crossing sleep profiles (min sleep/hour (±SEM)) based on a 5 min inactivity criterion, for the w2202 background strain (blue), fumin (red), dumb2 (green) and the double mutant fumin; dumb2 (black). N = 68 for w2202; N = 67 for fumin; N = 62 for dumb2; N = 66 for fumin;dumb2. The w2202 profile is shown in grey for comparison in the three mutant panels. (c). Sleep intensity profiles (% reactive ± SEM) for the same four strains as in b. (d). Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used to project the data into a two-dimensional space for easier visualization of the multidimensional relationships between different strains. MDS analyses were performed for fumin; dumb2 (blue border) compared to its genetic background strain, w2202 (black border), for daytime (yellow) and nighttime (grey) metrics. Left panel: four beam-crossing metrics (as for b) were used in combination for MDS comparing both strains. The different metrics used are indicated in the green box (bottom of the panel). The daytime effects overlap while the nighttime effects are distinct. Right panel: four arousal-based metrics were combined with four beam-crossing sleep metrics (indicated by the larger magenta box) for MDS analyses, resulting in a complete separation between day and night effects in both strains. a.u., arbitrary units.
