Figure 6

(Panel A). DAKO insulin ELISA kit was applied to measure insulin concentrations in the plasma of 41 human subjects categorized in four groups based on Body Mass Index (BMI); 1- Lean subjects (BMI, 20.1–25.6, only one patient above 25), 2- Obese subjects (BMI, 32.5–39.5), 3-Obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) without receiving insulin (BMI, 32.1–40) and obese subjects with T2D, receiving insulin (BMI, 33.3–38). BMI is expressed as mass (kg)/(height (m))². The p-value resulted from one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Insulin concentrations were expressed as pmol/l shown in Y-axis. (Panel B). Correlation between plasma insulin concentrations (n = 41 human subjects) and Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is expressed as mass (kg)/(height (m))². The p-value resulted from one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Insulin concentrations were expressed as pmol/l shown in Y-as and BMI was expressed as²log shown in X-axis. There was a strong positive correlation between plasma insulin concentration and human BMI (P < 0.00003, r = 0.6). (Panel C). The bariatric surgery of 5 human subjects with type 2 diabetes. The BMI (fat reduction) was measured three times in 5 patients; 1- before bariatric surgery is considered as basis point, 2- after surgery (depends on the date of surgery) and 3- the last measurement point (6 months after the second measurement). BMI was sharply decreased after the surgery. The BMI was calculated as Kg/m² shown in Y-axis. The time point 0 is considered as before surgery. The X-axis shows the BMI measurements in different time points.