Figure 3

(a) Schematic diagram of using a resistance strain gauge to measure the in-plane strain-electric field (S–E) behavior of the substrate. (b) The red line is the in-plane bipolar S–E curve of the PMN-PT (001). The blue lines in (b) and inset show the typical unipolar S–E curves of the substrate. (c) P–E curve and the out of plane S–E curve of the PMN-PT (001) substrate.