Figure 4

Schematic of three-electrode electrochemistry setup in the AP-XPS chamber. (a) Positions of electrodes before immersion and corresponding representative Pt 4f, O 1s spectra and electrochemical profile. (b) Electrodes are immersed in the electrolyte, where any electrochemical treatment can be performed within the AP-XPS chamber. Shown is a representative Pt foil CV in 6 M KF aqueous electrolyte. (c) Electrodes are placed at the AP-XPS measurement position and corresponding representative Pt 4f and O 1s of the partially removed electrodes are overlaying the representative vapor exposed electrode spectra (shown in Fig. 4a). (d) is an image of the 3-electrode apparatus that has been “dip & pulled” from the electrolyte in the beaker and placed into XPS position while ensuring all three electrodes are in contact with the electrolyte within the beaker.