Figure 3

Acute cocaine exposure results in accelerated HIV infection of humanized mice.

(a) After 5-day treatment, mice were infected with HIV_89.6 followed by continued treatment with cocaine or saline for two more weeks. At the end of two weeks, mice were sacrificed; plasma samples were tested for levels of viral RNA. Cocaine treated mice had higher viral loads and a higher fraction of them had detectable levels of virus. (b) Samples from spleen and blood were tested for levels of viral cDNA the proportion of mice with detectable levels of viral cDNA were higher in the cocaine treated animals. (c) A higher fraction of cocaine treated animals had detectable levels of tat-rev mRNA in both spleen and blood. For all figures, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, using Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test (for 3 or more groups). For proportion data, we used a Chi-square test.