Figure 7
From: An embryo of protocells: The capsule of graphene with selective ion channels
(A) structural comparison between graphene and DNA and the schematic diagram of the origin of DNA from carbon nanotube. (B) the evolution scheme of cells with graphene as an embryo, the Fig. 7B was drawn by the one of co-authors using Chemical Office 2010; the part of idea referenced from paper of Zhan36. The GOs and phospholipids can be found near/in volcanos under the sea or the primitive atmosphere. Thus, we assumed that all processes occurred in the seawater at the early age of Earth. The rays were mainly cosmic rays.
