Figure 1

The figure shows the individual punishment rates across experimental conditions and person types. The significant rates in the symmetric MHD condition confirm that punitive preferences partly drive punishment decisions. The fact that the rates are significantly higher in the VOD than in the MHD conditions indicates that monetary incentives also matter. In both asymmetric conditions, the strong group member is much more likely to punish defectors than a weak group member. This shows that groups are able to tacitly coordinate on mainly the strong group member to punish defectors based on differences in punishment costs alone. See section S2 in the SI for further details on the data analysis.