Figure 4
From: Mechanical writing of n-type conductive layers on the SrTiO3 surface in nanoscale

The oxygen vacancy density effects.
The in-plane potential profile (upper), oxygen vacancy distribution (middle) and band diagram (bottom) with (a) Dense surface oxygen vacancy and (b) Sparse surface oxygen vacancy. EC, EV and ED denote conduction band, valence band and oxygen vacancy donor level, respectively. The dotted lines denote the Fermi level.