Figure 1

Transmembrane assay modified to incorporate an electromagnetic (EM) coil to induce electric fields to drive electrotaxis.
(a) Photograph of modified transmembrane assay showing the custom–made glass wells, 3D printed holder apparatus and in-house designed and fabricated EM coil. (b) Schematics showing the top, front and side views of the modified transmembrane assay including EM coil and glass wells custom-made to incorporate commercially available Transwell membrane inserts. Also shown in the front view of the apparatus is the direction of the induced electric field applied over a majority (60%) of the 10 μs period.