Table 2 Demographic and clinical information for patients with schizophrenia with and without prominent negative symptoms and healthy controls.

From: Course of neurological soft signs in first-episode schizophrenia: Relationship with negative symptoms and cognitive performances

 

Patients with Schizophrenia

Health controls (N = 62)

Comparison

 

Prominent Negative Symptoms (N = 29)

Non-Prominent Negative Symptoms (N = 116)

  

Gender (male: female)

20:9

49:67

32:30

X2 = 6.91, df = 2, P = 0.032

Handed (right: left)

27:2

110:6

60:2

X2 = 0.65, df = 2, P = 0.724

Age (year)

22.34 (4.06)

21.69 (3.768)

21.16 (1.89)

F = 1.27, df = 2, P = 0.283

Education (year)

11.72 (1.93)

11.94 (2.22)

12.44 (2.18)

F = 1.47, df = 2, P = 0.233

IQ estimates a

96.22 (14.16)

102.93 (14.39)

111.52 (13.01)

F = 13.67, df = 2, P < 0.001

PANSS

Total score

60.93 (13.91)

42.16 (14.91)

 

t = 6.14, df = 143, P < 0.001

Negative symptoms

21.79 (5.22)

9.48 (3.51)

 

t = 15.19, df = 143, P < 0.001

Positive symptoms

12.34 (5.44)

10.98 (5.05)

 

t = 1.28, df = 143, P = 0.203

General psychopathology

26.79 (6.10)

21.70 (7.79)

 

t = 3.28, df = 143, P = 0.001

Duration of illness (month)

2.68 (2.10)

3.43 (4.37)

 

t = -0.90, df = 143, P = 0.372

Simpson-Angus Scale

0.88 (1.59)

0.40 (0.95)

 

t = 1.55, df = 143, P = 0.132

Barns Akathisia Scale

0.16 (0.45)

0.16 (0.69)

 

t = 0.04, df = 143, P = 0.972

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale

0.00 (0.02)

0.07 (0.46)

 

t = −0.78, df = 143, P = 0.438

  1. PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; a, Bonferroni post hoc there is no difference between Prominent and Non-Prominent Negative Symptoms groups (P = 0.065).
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