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Figure 1

From: Interaction of Vaccination and Reduction of Antibiotic Use Drives Unexpected Increase of Pneumococcal Meningitis

Figure 1

Public health interventions and dynamics of pneumococcal meningitis (PM) in France.

(A) Monthly number of antibiotic prescriptions (beta-lactams and macrolides) in France (black curve) and 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate-vaccine (PCV7) 2-dose coverage in children <2 years old (red curve). Antibiotic data are from the NHI system; vaccine coverage data are yearly estimates from a permanent 1/97 NHI sample (red squares, text S2 and Table S2) (B) Monthly and (C) annual PM cases (per 100,000 population) reported to the National Reference Center for Pneumococci. The biennial pattern apparent in C is caused by different notification rates between odd and even years; we corrected for this effect in our analyses (Supplementary Text S1 and Text S2).

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