Figure 3

Schematic figures indicating the grouping method used to calculate the frequency (dash line in b) and accumulating frequency (solid line in b) of basal ages with assembling 40 peatlands initiation chronologies (a) in the Sanjiang Plain. Mean C accumulation rate calculated from LOI results of 15 peatland cores in the Sanjiang Plain (c). The East Asian summer monsoon variations indicated by the soil-sand sequence of HLB in the Hulun Buir Desert (d) and the stalagmite δ18O variations in Dongge Cave. The dashed line in figure was used to mark the remarkable monsoon weakening event at mid Holocene.