Figure 5
Matrix alignment spatially directs collective migration.
(a) Heat map showing matrix deformation around rectangular tissues. The average magnitude of matrix deformation arising from forces generated by >10 microfabricated tissues is shown. Matrix deformations caused by a single tissue were determined by tracking >100 beads embedded in the surrounding collagen. Heat map is representative of >20 independent replicates. (b) Confocal reflection image showing the structure of collagen surrounding a representative rectangular epithelial tissue labeled with DiI (red) before the tissue undergoes collective migration. Also shown are high magnification images of regions of fibril alignment near the tips of the rectangular tissue. (c) Schematic and (d) confocal reflection image of collagen surrounding a representative circular tissue labeled with DiI (red) before the tissue undergoes collective migration. (e) Rose plot showing the angles of collective invasion from 66 circular tissues (three independent replicates). (f) Frequency map representing collective migration from 66 circular tissues (three independent replicates). (g) Schematic and (h) confocal reflection image of collagen surrounding a representative circular tissue labeled with DiI (red) exposed to regions of fibril alignment before the tissue undergoes collective migration. (i) Rose plot showing the angles of collective invasion from 83 tissues (three independent replicates) in the configuration shown in (g). (j) Frequency map representing collective migration from 83 tissues (three independent replicates) in the configuration shown in (g). (k) Schematic and (l) confocal reflection image of collagen matrix surrounding a representative circular tissue labeled with DiI (red) proximal to rectangular tissues, but not exposed to regions of preferential fibril alignment before the tissue undergoes collective migration. (m) Rose plot showing the angles of collective invasion from 53 tissues (three independent replicates) in the configuration shown in (k). (n) Frequency map representing collective migration from 53 tissues (three independent replicates) in the configuration shown in (k). All images are representative of three independent replicates. Scale bars, 50 μm.
