Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Unsupervised segmentation of low-contrast multichannel images: discrimination of tissue components in microscopic images of unstained specimens

Figure 2

Human liver with hepatocellular carcinoma.

(a) red-green-blue (RGB) color microscopic image of unstained specimen. (b) “ground truth – different slides” RGB color microscopic image of the specimen stained by Hep Par. (c) color-coded (digitally stained) image of the segmentation result obtained by the EKM-NMF_L0 algorithm (Gaussian kernel with variance = 0.1 and D = 50): blue: hepatocellular carcinoma, red: blood vessel, green: tumor fibrotic capsule. (d) color-coded (digitally stained) image of the segmentation result obtained by the NMF_L0 algorithm. (e) RGB color microscopic image of the specimen (a) stained subsequently by H&E. (f) average mutual coherence for the original matrix of the spectral profiles and matrices in the EKM-induced space. (g) spectral responses of the tumor fibrotic capsule, blood vessel and hepatocellular carcinoma in RGB (1-2-3) color space, μ(A) > 0.9999, μ_average(A) = 0.9985. (h) spectral responses of the tumor fibrotic capsule, blood vessel and hepatocellular carcinoma in non-physical color space induced by EKM (D = 50, Gaussian kernel variance=0.1), μ(B) = 0.9760. μ_average(B) = 0.8937.

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