Table 5 The mainly metabolism pathway of xenobiotics and the formula change relative to the parent compound.
Metabolic pathway | Formula change of the parent compound | Metabolic pathway | Formula change of the parent compound |
|---|---|---|---|
Decarboxylation | –COOH | Demethylation + hydroxylation | −CH2 + O |
Hydrolysis | +H2O | Deethylation | −C2H4 |
Hydroxylation | +O | Isopropyl dealkylation | −C3H6 |
Demethylation + 2 × hydroxylation | −CH2 + O2 | Methylation | +CH2 |
Reduction | +H2 | Acetylation | +C2H2O |
Hydroxylation + desaturation | +O−H2 | S-cysteine conjugation | +C3H5NO2S |
Alcohol to ketone | −H2 | Glycine conjugation | +C2H3NO |
Demethylation | −CH2 | Taurine conjugation | +C2H5NO2S |
Hydroxymethylene loss | −CH2O | Cysteine conjugation | +C3H5NOS |
Loss of O | −O | Glucuronide conjugation | +C6H8O6 |
2 × hydroxylation | +O2 | Hydroxylation + glucuronide conjugation | +C6H8O7 |
Demethylation to carboxylic acid | −CH2 + CO2 | Sulfate conjugation | +SO3 |
Alcohols dehydration | −H2O | Hydroxylation + sulfation | +SO4 |
Hydroxylation + methylation | +O + CH2 | Decarboxylation + glucuronidation | −CO + C6H8O6 |
