Table 1 GCSE grades and intelligence means and (standard deviations).
From: Pleiotropy across academic subjects at the end of compulsory education
N | Whole sample | Male | Female | MZm | DZm | MZf | DZf | DZos | Sex | Zyg | Sex* | r 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zyg | |||||||||||||
Intelligence | 4,481 | 0 (0.99) | 0.05 | (−0.03) | 0.002 | 0.06 | (−0.06) | (−0.05) | 0.003 | 0.47 | 1.92 | 0.66 | <0.01 |
(1.01) | (0.98) | (.99) | (1.03) | (0.98) | (.99) | (0.99) | |||||||
English | 12,099 | 8.91 | 8.69 | 9.10 | 8.65 | 8.74 | 9.06 | 9.08 | 8.93 | 169.7** | 4.53** | 0.06 | 0.03 |
(1.21) | (1.25) | (1.16) | (1.26) | (1.22) | (1.15) | (1.18) | (1.23) | ||||||
Mathematics | 12,013 | 8.94 | 9.00 | 8.89 | 8.98 | 9.04 | 8.87 | 8.89 | 8.94 | 5.79* | 1.16 | 0.14 | <0.01 |
(1.45) | (1.44) | (1.34) | (1.42) | (1.43) | (1.44) | (1.46) | (1.45) | ||||||
Science | 11,250 | 9.01 | 9.01 | 9.01 | 9.01 | 9.03 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.01 | 1.54 | 0.001 | 0.62 | <0.01 |
(1.30) | (1.29) | (1.31) | (1.28) | (1.28) | (1.29) | (1.34) | (1.30) | ||||||
Humanities | 10,183 | 9.00 | 8.80 | 9.18 | 8.75 | 8.86 | 9.15 | 9.18 | 8.99 | 103.57** | 4.23* | 0.17 | 0.02 |
(1.46) | (1.48) | (1.41) | (1.52) | (1.45) | (1.40) | (1.44) | (1.45) | ||||||
Second language | 6,896 | 8.82 | 8.65 | 8.96 | 8.61 | 8.69 | 8.92 | 8.94 | 8.83 | 43.45** | 2.86 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
(1.42) | (1.46) | (1.36) | (1.47) | (1.47) | (1.36) | (1.36) | (1.41) | ||||||
Art | 5,460 | 9.08 | 8.86 | 9.20 | 8.85 | 8.90 | 9.16 | 9.24 | 9.08 | 49.71** | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.02 |
(1.27) | (1.32) | (1.22) | (1.29) | (1.29) | (1.25) | (1.22) | (1.27) | ||||||
Business informatics | 4,661 | 8.96 | 8.83 | 9.09 | 8.88 | 8.86 | 9.13 | 9.03 | 8.96 | 25.52** | 0.02 | 1.03 | 0.01 |
(1.26) | (1.29) | (1.22) | (1.33) | (1.29) | (1.18) | (1.21) | (1.26) |
