Table 3 Correlated factor solution for multivariate genetic analyses, showing phenotypic correlations (rPh), genetic correlations (rG), shared-environmental (rC) and non-shared environmental (rE) correlations between GCSE exam grades after correcting for intelligence, with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses.
From: Pleiotropy across academic subjects at the end of compulsory education
English | Mathematics | Science | Humanities | Second language | Art | Business informatics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r Ph | |||||||
English | 1 | ||||||
Mathematics | 0.57 (0.54–0.59) | 1 | |||||
Science | 0.58 (0.55–0.60) | 0.65 (0.63–0.67) | 1 | ||||
Humanities | 0.69 (0.67–0.71) | 0.58 (0.55–0.60) | 0.60 (0.58–0.62) | 1 | |||
Second language | 0.62 (0.60–0.65) | 0.55 (0.52–0.58) | 0.55 (0.52–0.55) | 0.57 (0.54–0.60) | 1 | ||
Art | 0.47 (0.43–0.50) | 0.40 (0.36–0.43) | 0.39 (0.35–0.43) | 0.48 (0.44–0.52) | 0.40 (0.36–0.47) | 1 | |
Business informatics | 0.52 (0.48–0.55) | 0.54 (0.50–0.57) | 0.52 (0.49–0.56) | 0.51 (0.48–0.55) | 0.47 (0.42–0.51) | 0.38 (0.32–0.43) | 1 |
r G | |||||||
English | 1 | ||||||
Mathematics | 0.54 (0.54–0.64) | 1 | |||||
Science | 0.64 (0.54–0.74) | 0.69 (0.59–0.78) | 1 | ||||
Humanities | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) | 0.57 (0.44–0.69) | 0.68 (0.56–0.80) | 1 | |||
Second language | 0.72 (0.59–0.85) | 0.49 (0.31–0.65) | 0.56 (0.40–0.71) | 0.66 (0.51–0.83) | 1 | ||
Art | 0.69 (0.52–0.89) | 0.66 (0.44–0.90) | 0.51 (0.30–0.73) | 0.56 (0.37–0.75) | 0.60 (0.34–0.88) | 1 | |
Business informatics | 0.62 (0.42–0.86) | 0.57 (0.35–0.77) | 0.63 (0.41–0.87) | 0.65 (0.44–0.90) | 0.58 (0.29–0.88) | 0.65 (0.32–0.98) | 1 |
r C | |||||||
English | 1 | ||||||
Mathematics | 0.92 (0.72–0.94) | 1 | |||||
Science | 0.66 (0.31–0.94) | 0.81 (0.62–0.95) | 1 | ||||
Humanities | 0.85 (0.59–0.99) | 0.83 (0.61–0.98) | 0.79 (0.52–1.00) | 1 | |||
Second language | 0.81 (0.48–1.00) | 0.81 (0.62–0.95) | 0.75 (0.41–1.00) | 0.8 (0.48–1.00) | 1 | ||
Art | 0.27 (−0.39–0.72) | 0.15 (−0.44–0.61) | 0.40 (−0.20–0.86) | 0.66 (0.15–0.93) | 0.26 (−0.38–0.79) | 1 | |
Business informatics | 0.63 (0.06–1.00) | 0.82 (0.38–1.00) | 0.57 (−0.02–0.86) | 0.65 (0.08–1.00) | 0.6 (−0.04–1.00) | 0.01 (−0.79–0.80) | 1 |
r E | |||||||
English | 1 | ||||||
Mathematics | 0.43 (0.37–0.48) | 1 | |||||
Science | 0.42 (0.36–0.48) | 0.51 (0.45–0.56) | 1 | ||||
Humanities | 0.42 (0.35–0.48) | 0.42 (0.35–0.48) | 0.36 (0.29–0.43) | 1 | |||
Second language | 0.37 (0.28–0.44) | 0.45 (0.38–0.52) | 0.39 (0.31–0.47) | 0.28 (0.25–0.37) | 1 | ||
Art | 0.20 (0.10–0.30) | 0.17 (0.06–0.27) | 0.21 (0.10–0.31) | 0.26 (0.15–0.37) | 0.20 (0.06–0.33) | 1 | |
Business informatics | 0.34 (0.23–0.43) | 0.37 (0.27–0.47) | 0.37 (0.26–0.46) | 0.28 (0.17–0.39) | 0.27 (0.14–0.40) | 0.18 (0.01–0.35) | 1 |
