Table 1 Comparison of the activation barriers governing graphene growth on different substrates.

From: Growth, Quantitative Growth Analysis and Applications of Graphene on γ-Al2O3 catalysts

 

Ead [eV]

Ed [eV]

Edes [eV]

Eatt[eV]

C solubility [at%]

Ec of Ns[eV]

Ea of J [eV]

Growth mechanism

γ-Al2O3

0.88

0

4.15

0.21

NONEa)

0.21f)

6.96g)

Surface

      

0.22g)

 

adsorption

Cu

3.4~4.145

0.06~0.746

645

0.2d),39

0.001a),32

1f)39

19.2g)

Surface

    

2e),35,36

 

1.1d),g), 0.46e),g)

 

adsorption

Ni

0.74b,47

0.37b),48,49

6.28b),49

0.239

1.3a),32

0.05g)

11.08g)

Segregation or precipitation

   

6.76c),49

     
  1. aat 1000 °C.
  2. b(111) surface.
  3. c(110) surface.
  4. destimated from results for other transition metals.
  5. eestimated from results for Ru.
  6. festimated by experiment.
  7. gestimated using the proposed growth model.