Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Identifying Orbital Angular Momentum of Vectorial Vortices with Pancharatnam Phase and Stokes Parameters

Figure 3

Vectorial vortices generated with PAA.

(a) Schematic of the considered phased array antenna (PAA), which consists of 16 units. Each unit emits linearly polarized Gauss beam and the polarization direction and initial phase can be set. With PAA, varied vectorial vortex beams can be generated, (b) state of polarization (SOP) makes two revolutions at latitude on the Poincaré sphere (radially polarized vectorial beam), (c) SOP makes one revolution (L-line vortex) and (d) SOP makes half revolution.

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