Table 3 Results of ANCOVA, MANCOVA or RM MANCOVA analyses considering two or five covariables, with mean and standard deviations of the groups of patients in a first group of neuropsychological tasks.

From: Neuropsychological Performance in Polyconsumer Men Under Treatment. Influence of Age of Onset of Substance Use

Neuropsychological tasks

OSU ≤ 16 (N = 41)

OSU ≥ 17 (N = 39)

Age and Years of education covariables

Age, Years of education, Duration of drug use (yr), Vocabulary and Block Design Scores covariables

F

p values

Effect Size

F

pvalues

Effect Size

PREMORBID IQ

 Vocabulary (WAIS-III). Direct Score

40.24 ± 6.76

44.97 ± 5.94

7.71

0.007

0.09

   

 Block Design (WAIS-III). Direct Score

41.09 ± 11.56

46.31 ± 10.06

5.74

0.019

0.07

   

ATTENTION SPAN

 Digits Forward (WAIS-III). Direct Score

8.10 ± 1.63

8.77 ± 1.88

1.52

0.221

0.02

0.40

0.530

0.10

PROCESSING SPEED

 TMT-A (Seconds)

27.15 ± 8.84

22.28 ± 7.04

9.42

0.003

0.11

0.99

0.322

0.17

VISUOSPATIAL PERCEPTION

 Judgment of Line Orientation Test

        

 Number of correct answers

23.60 ± 3.90

25.44 ± 3.19

5.30

0.024

0.07

0.12

0.726

0.64

 Reaction Time (milliseconds)

7487.18 ± 2576.25

6455.85 ± 2044.21

4.47

0.038

0.06

0.05

0.822

0.05

VERBAL MEMORY

 AVLT (Number of recorded words)

  

0.40a

0.531

0.01

0.34a

0.847

0.13

 A1

5.24 ± 1.32

5.82 ± 1.60

1.67

0.201

0.02

0.87

0.355

0.15

 A2

8.12 ± 1.82

8.15 ± 1.84

0.00

0.977

0.00

0.49

0.488

0.11

 A3

9.93 ± 2.01

10.13 ± 2.52

0.11

0.739

0.00

0.31

0.577

0.09

 A4

11.02 ± 1.98

11.23 ± 2.21

0.08

0.775

0.00

0.08

0.775

0.06

 A5

11.80 ± 2.21

12.21 ± 1.92

0.82

0.367

0.00

0.16

0.687

0.07

 Total words from list A

46.10 ± 8.09

47.54 ± 8.47

0.41

0.523

0.01

0.00

0.994

0.05

 B1 (interference list)

4.98 ± 1.33

5.00 ± 1.70

0.00

0.955

0.00

0.13

0.720

0.07

 A6

9.27 ± 2.96

9.74 ± 2.82

0.58

0.448

0.01

0.71

0.403

0.13

 A7

9.07 ± 2.90

9.38 ± 2.73

0.41

0.522

0.01

0.10

0.753

0.06

 REC A/15

13.49 ± 1.69

13.35 ± 1.66

0.20

0.656

0.00

0.39

0.536

0.09

  1. aResults of the RM MANCOVA for five trials.
  2. yr: years; OSU ≤ 16: Onset of substance use at age 16 or earlier; OSU ≥ 17: Onset of substance use at age 17 or later; IQ: intelligence quotient;WAIS-III: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Third Edition; TMT-A: Trail Making Test part A; AVLT: Auditory Verbal Learning Test; A1, A2, A3, A4, A5: Number of words recalled in 5 consecutive trials from list A; B1: Number of words recalled from list B; A6: Number of words recalled from list A immediately after the recall list B; A7: Delayed recall of List A after 15 minutes; REC A/15: Number of correctly recognized words from list A.
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