Figure 2

Application of the gGlu-HMRG fluorescence method in surgical margins of BCS specimens.

Specimen 1 was diagnosed pathologically as DCIS and specimen 2 was diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma (papillotubular). (a) Gross picture. (b) Fluorescence image just before gGlu-HMRG administration. (c) Fluorescence image 5 minutes after gGlu-HMRG administration. Increased brightness was observed in some areas. (d) Red and yellow colors indicate fluorescence-positive areas. Red areas were identified as malignant lesions. Yellow areas were fluorescent positive and did not identified as malignant lesions. (e) HE stained image after formalin fixation. Malignant regions identified from pathological findings are colored green. (f) The area in the red box of (e) is magnified. Red arrows showed malignant lesions in the cross section of surgical margin. (g) Gross picture. Red-circled areas showed malignant lesions diagnosed from pathological findings. (h–j) Red and yellow areas showed fluorescence-positive areas. Red areas were fluorescent positive and identified as malignant lesions. Yellow areas were fluorescent positive and did not identified as malignant lesions. The area in the white box of (h) is magnified in (i) and (j). i) The picture at 5 minutes after gGlu-HMRG adminstration. (j) After analyzing the picture, we found and colored fluorescent positive area as red and yellow. (k) HE-staining image same region as (i) and (j) after formalin fixation. Red arrows indicated extensive intraductal components of invasive ductal carcinoma.