Table 2 Adjusted HRs per SD of offspring SBP for combined parents and HRs for own SBP estimated by conventional observational and IV analyses.

From: Blood pressure and mortality: using offspring blood pressure as an instrument for own blood pressure in the HUNT study

Cause of Death

Deaths

Offspring SBP, fully adjusted*

Own SBP, fully adjusted*

IV, fully adjusted*

P-value for comparison with own SBP

HR

95% CI

P-value

HR

95% CI

P-value

HR

95% CI

P-value

 

All cause

18,540

1.05

(1.04–1.07)

<0.0001

1.11

(1.09–1.12)

<0.0001

1.28

(1.18–1.39)

<0.0001

0.0002

Cardiovascular Disease

8,772

1.07

(1.05–1.10)

<0.0001

1.19

(1.17–1.21)

<0.0001

1.38

(1.23–1.54)

<0.0001

0.01

Coronary Heart Disease

6,571

1.06

(1.03–1.09)

<0.0001

1.15

(1.13–1.17)

<0.0001

1.32

(1.17–1.50)

<0.0001

0.02

Stroke

2,268

1.04

(0.99–1.09)

0.08

1.22

(1.18–1.26)

<0.0001

1.21

(0.98–1.51)

0.08

0.95

  1. CI: confidence interval, HR: hazard ratio, IV: instrumental variable, SBP: systolic blood pressure, SD: standard deviation.
  2. *adjusted for age, sex and HUNT survey of offspring/parent from whom SBP was measured, offspring and parental smoking status, age, DOB, alcohol consumption, education, own and spouse’s employment, exercise and sex of parent.
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