Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Human rather than ape-like orbital morphology allows much greater lateral visual field expansion with eye abduction

Figure 5

Schematic cross-section of the human orbit in the neuro-ocular plane.

φ = opening angle ( = 107.1° in Human; 98.7° in Pan; 94.3° in Gorilla; 94.4° in Pongo; 101.6° in Hylobatidae), T = temporal orbital margin, N = nasal orbital margin, S = skin projection of T in a direction orthogonal to NT, A = cornea apex, P = pupil centre, C = cornea centre, E = eyeball centre, B = posterior pole of the eyeball, D = any point on the temporal part of cornea, ray = ray refracted at point D and passing through the pupil centre (P), ω = angle between “ray” and sagittal plane, χ = angle between SD and sagittal plane, θ = eyeball abduction angle (from 0° for primary position of gaze to 45° for maximum eye abduction). Any variation of angle φ modifies the position of points N and S. NS = 1 mm, NT = 40.17 mm.

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