Figure 5
From: Characterization of the honeybee AmNaV1 channel and tools to assess the toxicity of insecticides

Effect of permethrin on the honeybee NaV1 channel.
(a–c) The presence of 10 μM permethrin had no significant effect on the voltage-dependence of activation (a), the voltage-dependence of steady-state inactivation (b), or the recovery from inactivation (c) of AmNaV1 channels co-expressed with TipE. It did, however, induce a tail current. The maximal amplitude of the tail current after 200 conditioning pulses was recorded at different voltages (d). The normalized amplitude was plotted as a function of the voltage imposed during the recording (n = 9). The data was then fitted with a linear function (R2 = 0.98, y0 = −8.4%, slope = 1.0%/V).