Table 2 Soil characteristics at each elevation in the study area in three sampling periods.

From: Trade-off between allocation to reproductive ramets and rhizome buds in Carex brevicuspis populations along a small-scale elevational gradient

Sampling period

Elevation category

SM (%)

SBD (g·cm−3)

SOM (%)

TN (%)

TP (%)

TK (%)

pH

2013.11

Low

0.66 ± 0.04a

0.70 ± 0.03b

5.05 ± 0.27a

0.24 ± 0.01a

0.09 ± 0.00a

0.18 ± 0.00a

7.50 ± 0.12a

Intermediate

0.61 ± 0.01ab

0.85 ± 0.02a

4.41 ± 0.18a

0.21 ± 0.01b

0.09 ± 0.01a

0.15 ± 0.01b

5.95 ± 0.15b

High

0.56 ± 0.02b

0.75 ± 0.05ab

4.82 ± 0.30a

0.22 ± 0.01ab

0.07 ± 0.00b

0.15 ± 0.00b

5.99 ± 0.15b

2014.1

Low

0.68 ± 0.03a

0.74 ± 0.04c

4.20 ± 0.27a

0.22 ± 0.02a

0.09 ± 0.00a

0.16 ± 0.00a

7.10 ± 0.09a

Intermediate

0.46 ± 0.03b

1.07 ± 0.03a

3.25 ± 0.06b

0.22 ± 0.01a

0.08 ± 0.00b

0.15 ± 0.01b

6.39 ± 0.21b

High

0.54 ± 0.02b

0.90 ± 0.03b

3.77 ± 0.16ab

0.20 ± 0.01a

0.06 ± 0.00b

0.14 ± 0.00b

5.78 ± 0.09c

2014.3

Low

0.86 ± 0.06a

0.65 ± 0.02b

4.24 ± 0.11a

0.20 ± 0.01a

0.08 ± 0.00a

0.15 ± 0.00a

7.19 ± 0.07a

Intermediate

0.66 ± 0.05b

0.91 ± 0.04a

2.93 ± 0.17b

0.19 ± 0.01a

0.07 ± 0.00a

0.16 ± 0.00a

6.28 ± 0.10b

High

0.64 ± 0.03b

0.90 ± 0.03a

2.96 ± 0.08b

0.20 ± 0.01a

0.06 ± 0.00b

0.15 ± 0.00a

6.00 ± 0.12b

  1. SM: soil moisture content; SBD: soil bulk density; SOM: soil organic matter; TN: total nitrogen; TP: total phosphorus; TK: total potassium. The data are expressed as the mean ± SE. Different letters indicate significant differences between elevations (P < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test).
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