Figure 6
From: S-maltoheptaose targets syndecan-bound effectors to reduce smoking-related neutrophilic inflammation
CINC-1 but neither TNF-α nor IL-1β in lung homogenates levels off following treatment with S-maltoheptaose.
Cigarette smoke-exposed rats (CS, n = 8) and sham air controls (SA, n = 8) were given airway treatment of S-maltoheptaose-on-chitosan carrier beads at the doses indicated. The levels of CINC-1 (A), TNF-α (C) and IL-1β (D) in lung homogenates were determined with ELISA. The CS group showed significant increase in the three cytokines when compared with basal levels in lung homogenates of the SA group. The increase in CINC-1 was lowered to the 50th-percentile level with treatment of S-maltoheptaose but the increase in TNF-α and IL-1β were maintained. Basal levels of the SA group were unaffected by airway treatment with the carrier beads with or without loading of S-maltoheptaose. (B) BALF samples of both CS and SA groups were subjected to Boyden chamber assay for neutrophil chemotactic activity due to CINC-1. The chemotactic index of the CS group was significantly higher than that of the SA group. Pretreatment of the CS sample with an antibody against CINC-1 at 50 ng/ml maximally neutralized 72% of the neutrophil chemotactic index. **P < 0.001.
