Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Stearic acid induces proinflammatory cytokine production partly through activation of lactate-HIF1α pathway in chondrocytes

Figure 2

HFD-induced plasma saturated free fatty acid (FFA) and lactate trigger production of proinflammatory cytokines and VEGF in mouse chondrocytes.

(a~d) Relative mRNA levels of IL-6 (a), TNF-α (b), IL-1β (c) and VEGF (d) in the mouse primary chondrocytes treated with full or fractionated (>3 KD or <3 KD) serum from the 8-week ND or HFD-feeding mice. (n = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.005). (e~h) Relative mRNA levels of IL-6 (e), TNF-α (f), IL-1β (g) and VEGF (h) in the mouse primary chondrocytes treated with BSA (5%) or BSA-linked FFA (18:0, 200 μM) for 24 h. (n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01). (i~l) Relative mRNA expression of IL-6 (i), TNF-α (j), IL-1β (k) and VEGF (l) in the mouse primary chondrocytes treated with lactate (25 mM) or vehicle control for 24 h. (n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01).

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