Table 3 Difference in Hazard rate ratios (HR) for colorectal cancer between vegetarians, pescetarians, 1 day/wk meat and and 6-7 days/wk meat consumers after adjustment for individual dietary and lifestyle factors.

From: Vegetarianism, low meat consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer in a population based cohort study

 

Colorectal cancer

vegetarian

pescetarian

1 day/wk meat

6–7 day/wk meat

Factor adjusted fora

HR

% change in HR

HR

% change in HR

HR

% change in HR

HR

Age and sex

0.73

0.80

0.72

1 (ref)

Dietary Factors

Energy (kcal)

0.73

0%

0.80

0%

0.71

−1%

1 (ref)

Energy + alcohol (g)

0.77

4%

0.82

2%

0.74

2%

1 (ref)

Energy + fiber (g)

0.82

9%

0.89

9%

0.76

4%

1 (ref)

Energy + fruits (g)

0.75

2%

0.82

2%

0.72

0%

1 (ref)

Energy + vegetables (g)

0.72

−1%

0.79

−1%

0.71

−1%

1 (ref)

Energy + pulses (g)

0.71

−2%

0.78

−2%

0.70

−2%

1 (ref)

Energy + soy products (g)

0.78

5%

0.87

7%

0.73

1%

1 (ref)

Energy + milk (g)

0.76

3%

0.83

3%

0.74

2%

1 (ref)

Energy + cheese (g)

0.77

4%

0.84

4%

0.74

2%

1 (ref)

Energy + eggs (g)

0.73

0%

0.80

0%

0.71

−1%

1 (ref)

Energy + Supplement use (none, 1 sup, ≥2 sup)

0.75

2%

0.83

3%

0.73

1%

1 (ref)

Full model including dietary factorsb

0.99

26%

1.04

24%

0.86

14%

1 (ref)

Lifestyle Factors

Smokingc

0.72

−1%

0.79

−1%

0.71

−1%

1 (ref)

Non occupational physical activityd

0.73

0%

0.81

1%

0.72

0%

1 (ref)

BMI (kg/m2)

0.77

4%

0.84

4%

0.74

2%

1 (ref)

Level of educatione

0.75

2%

0.83

3%

0.73

1%

1 (ref)

Full model including dietary and lifestyle factorsb

1.06

33%

1.11

31%

0.89

17%

1 (ref)

  1. aAll adjusted for age and sex.
  2. bIncluding all the above listed variables.
  3. cSmoking categories: never, ever, and current smokers.
  4. dNon occupational physical activity categories: <30, 30–60, 60–90, >90 min/d.
  5. eLevel of education categories: lower vocational, second and medium vocational, university and higher vocational.