Figure 1
From: Very low embryonic crude oil exposures cause lasting cardiac defects in salmon and herring
Uptake of PAHs into embryos and induction of cyp1a.
Individual PAHs measured in water (A,C) and embryos (B,D). (A) Highest exposure concentration for pink salmon embryos (single water sample). (B) Pink salmon embryos at exposure day 21 (single pooled sample, 7 g wet weight). (C) Single exposure concentration for Pacific herring embryo exposure (triplicate water samples, mean ± s.e.m.). (D) Herring embryos at exposure day 8 (mean ± s.e.m.; N = 3 pooled samples, 1–3 g wet weight each). (E) Levels of cyp1a mRNA in herring embryos exposed to gravel effluents measured by QPCR as described under Methods. Data are mean ± s.e.m. of cyp1a levels normalized to ef1α levels measured in two replicates from each treatment with ~150 embryos each. N, naphthalenes; BP, biphenyl; AY, acenaphthylene; AE, acenaphthene; F, fluorenes; D, dibenzothiophenes; P, phenanthrenes; ANT, anthracene; FL, fluoranthene; PY, pyrene; FP, fluoranthenes/pyrenes; BAA, benz[a]anthracene; C, chrysenes; BBF, benzo[b]fluoranthene; BKF, benzo[j]fluoranthene/benzo[k]fluoranthene; BEP, benzo[e]pyrene; BAP, benzo[a]pyrene; PER, perylene; IDY, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene; DBA, dibenz[a,h]anthracene/dibenz[a,c]anthracene; BZP, benzo[ghi]perylene. Parent compound is indicated by a 0 (e.g., N0), while numbers of additional carbons (e.g. methyl groups) for alkylated homologs are indicated as N1, N2, etc.
