Figure 3
Metabolite levels in germ-free and Bifidobacterium longum mono-associated mice.
(a) Fecal pimelate, butyrate and acetate levels measured by 2D-NMR. The levels were based on the normalized intensities calculated from 1H-13C HSQC 2D-NMR measurements (n = 5). Boxes denote the interquartile range between the first and third quartiles and lines within the boxes denote the median. P-values were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test. (b) Acetate concentration in fecal samples measured by enzyme method. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 5). P-values were calculated using Student’s t-test. **P < 0.01. (c) Biotin concentration in fecal samples after treatment. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 5). P-values were calculated using Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05.
