Figure 1

(a) Photographs of a plain PA and a MWCNT·PA nanocomposite RO membranes. SEM images of the surface of the (b) plain PA membrane and the (c) MWCNT·PA nanocomposite membrane. (d) Detail showing the reinforcing nanotubes through a fracture. Raman mapping of the nanocomposite MWCNT·PA membrane showing the intensity of the (e) D-band and (f) G-band characteristic of carbon nanotubes.