Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies.

26/blood

MSP, SIRPH

Study whether methylation changes in blood could provide a method for early detection of PDA

Promoter, CpG islands

5/tissue

MSP

Investigate whether epigenetic modification via hypermethylation represents a mechanism for the inactivation of CDKN2A gene in PDA

Promoter, CpG islands

2/blood

MSP

Detect whether serum methylation of CDKN2A is a marker for PDA

Promoter, CpG islands

57/blood, 9/tissue

MSP

Detect whether plasma DNA might be a useful surrogate in epigenetic alterations of PDA

Promoter, CpG islands

11/PJ

MSP

Examine whether aberrantly methylated DNA in PJ is an approach for diagnosis of PDA

Promoter, CpG islands

56/tissue

MSP

Study whether accumulation of DNA methylation of multiple tumor-related genes is involved in multistage carcinogenesis of pancreas

Promoter, CpG islands

16/tissue

MSP

Detect whether epigenetic changes in PENs vary in age, histopathologic type and metastasis

Promoter, CpG islands

10/tissue

MSP

Determine whether methylation profile of PENs differs from carcinoid tumors

Promoter, CpG islands

42/PJ

MSP

Utilize molecular analysis to detect PDA in high-risk groups

Promoter, CpG islands

37/PJ

MSP

Determine a role for CDNK2A as a diagnostic marker in differentiation of benign and malignant pancreatic disease

Promoter, CpG islands

48/tissue

MSP

Study whether methylation of TSG was an independent predictor of early PENs recurrence and OS following surgical resection

Promoter, CpG islands

60/tissue

MSP

Detest expression of CDKN2A protein and the clinicopathological parameters

Promoter, CpG islands

33/tissue, 45/PJ

MSP

Examine whether CDKN2A in PJ can be a diagnostic approach for PDA

Promoter, CpG islands

15/tissue

MSP

Examine whether CDKN2A can be an indicator of the potential malignancy of epithelial cells of the pancreas

Promoter, CpG islands